中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
云南依靠科技——把天拉长 把地拉宽****** 【在这片辽阔的土地上㉙】 光明日报记者 张勇 光明日报通讯员 云先锋 千百年来，水稻都是种在水田里，可云南澜沧的高山旱地，不仅能种水稻，还能大丰收。这真是个新鲜事！ 云南多山，灌溉条件有限，水稻产能长期缺口较大。山区农民的口粮，以玉米等杂粮为主，想吃大米就要外购。 这样的状况发生改变，是从2021年5月开始的——中国工程院院士朱有勇率领云南农业大学团队来到澜沧县，在竹塘乡蒿枝坝村的山地上，试验旱地杂交水稻高产优质栽培技术。种子是云南农大稻作研究所培育的新品种。 “我们祖祖辈辈都在旱地上种苞谷。旱地种水稻？怎么可能！”不仅蒿枝坝的拉祜族群众议论纷纷，县乡两级农技推广人员心里也没底。 但让村民们感到惊奇的是，这些旱地上种的水稻真的自始至终不用浇水灌溉——谷种播种到干燥的土壤里，等雨水落地，稻谷秧苗便破土而出。只靠喝雨水，这些水稻就能茁壮成长，结穗弯腰！ “澜沧地区降雨量在1400毫米以上，所以我们在澜沧旱地种的水稻都不用人工浇水。”云南农大稻作所所长文建成解释，“事实上，云南多数山区旱地种水稻都不用浇水，只有降雨量在1200毫米以下的地区才需要人工补点水。” 其实，新稻种的种植，并非一帆风顺。稻谷秧苗长出来时，杂草也疯长，“地老虎”等害虫也猖獗起来。为防治植物病虫害，朱有勇经常蹲在稻地里，指导村民科学除草杀虫，闯过了一道道难关。 “我们的旱地水稻从耕地、播种、除草、收割都是机械化，打农药用无人机。依靠科技种田给村民们做示范，省劳动力，每亩比水田水稻节省成本五六百元。”朱有勇告诉记者。 蒿枝坝的村民们看着试验田旱地里金灿灿的水稻，纷纷要求把玉米地改种水稻。2022年，仅竹塘乡就种植水稻旱种7861亩。他们的付出，很快得到了回报。 2022年9月，蒿枝坝的稻谷丰收之际，中国工程院有13名院士齐聚这里，见证示范种植的405亩杂交稻旱种的丰收：一穗穗金黄的稻谷压弯了腰，连片的杂交稻旱种犹如金色的海浪阵阵翻滚。收割机很快收获了满满一车的新鲜稻谷，专家组经过现场称重得出了结果——平均亩产690.9公斤，比传统旱稻产量提高了近400公斤。 “水稻上山有效解决了澜沧水田少、旱地多、水稻产量不足的问题，适宜在广大山区推广，对云南‘稳口粮’工程具有重大现实意义！”文建成向记者介绍，“2022年，澜沧县20个乡镇推广水稻旱种的2.7万亩，全部获得丰收！” 澜沧县水稻旱种的成功，是整个云南粮食生产的一个缩影。近年来，云南省针对粮食安全结构性问题，把水稻旱种作为“稳口粮”的一项重要举措，在中低海拔雨热资源丰富的地区，探索水稻旱种绿色高效栽培技术，创建省、州、县三级示范样板77片，示范面积2.1万亩。 在示范样板的带动下，2021年和2022年，两年间，云南分别示范推广水稻旱种24万亩、53万亩，覆盖59个县（市、区），并由海拔1700米以下扩展到1900米左右的区域。 云南省级财政还安排1亿元资金，按每亩200元的补助标准支持水稻旱种。农技推广部门为水稻旱种提供科技支撑，对农技人员、合作社、种粮大户进行培训，举办技术培训班1896期次、培训130万人次。 “我们研究的是什么？就是依靠科技，把天拉长，把地拉宽，在一亩地里面，尽量提高土地的生产率，端牢中国饭碗。”朱有勇说。 《光明日报》（ 2023年01月03日 01版） 盛兴彩票地图 |
